Gender reassignment surgery, also known as sex reassignment surgery or gender-affirming surgery, is a surgical procedure that allows transgender individuals to change their physical characteristics to match their gender identity. For individuals transitioning from female to male (FTM), the gender reassignment surgeries may include:

  1. Top Surgery (Chest Masculinization):
    • This surgery involves removing breast tissue and reshaping the chest to create a more masculine appearance. It is typically done through a double mastectomy procedure.
  2. Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy:
    • These surgeries involve the removal of the uterus and ovaries, respectively.
  3. Phalloplasty (Penile Construction):
    • Phalloplasty is a procedure to construct a neophallus (penis) using tissue from other parts of the body, such as the forearm or thigh. There are different techniques for phalloplasty, and the surgery can be complex and may require multiple stages.
  4. Metoidioplasty:
    • Metoidioplasty is another option for creating a neophallus. It involves releasing the ligament that restricts the clitoral growth, allowing it to extend outward, resembling a small penis.
  5. Scrotoplasty:
    • Scrotoplasty is a procedure to create a scrotum that can be used to hold testicular implants.
  6. Testicular Implants:
    • Testicular implants can be placed in the scrotum to provide a more natural appearance.

It’s important to note that not all transgender individuals choose to undergo surgery, and transitioning is a personal and individualized process. Hormone therapy and other non-surgical procedures can also be part of a person’s gender-affirming journey.

Before considering any gender-affirming surgeries, individuals should seek guidance from experienced healthcare professionals, including mental health professionals and specialized surgeons, to ensure that they make informed decisions about their care and the best options for their transition.