An orchidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles. It is a relatively common procedure that is performed for a variety of reasons, including cancer, infertility, and gender affirmation surgery.

The risks and complications of an orchidectomy vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the patient’s individual health. However, some of the potential risks and complications include:

  • Bleeding: Bleeding is a common complication of any surgery, and it can be more likely after an orchidectomy. In most cases, bleeding can be controlled with medication or a blood transfusion.
  • Infection: Infection is another common complication of surgery, and it can also be more likely after an orchidectomy. Infections can be treated with antibiotics, but they can sometimes lead to more serious complications.
  • Nerve damage: Nerve damage is a less common complication of an orchidectomy, but it can occur. Nerve damage can cause numbness or tingling in the scrotum, thigh, or groin. In some cases, nerve damage can be permanent.
  • Hematoma: A hematoma is a collection of blood that can occur under the skin after surgery. Hematomas are usually not serious, but they can be painful and unsightly.
  • Seroma: A seroma is a collection of fluid that can occur under the skin after surgery. Seromas are usually not serious, but they can be painful and unsightly.
  • Testicular pain: Testicular pain is a common side effect of an orchidectomy. The pain usually goes away on its own within a few weeks.
  • Erectile dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction is a decrease in the ability to get or maintain an erection. Erectile dysfunction can occur after an orchidectomy, but it is not common.
  • Hot flashes: Hot flashes are a sudden feeling of heat that can occur after an orchidectomy. Hot flashes are more common in men who have had both testicles removed.
  • Depression: Depression is a common side effect of an orchidectomy. Depression can be caused by the changes in hormones that occur after surgery.

An orchidectomy, also known as testicle removal or orchiectomy, is generally considered a safe surgical procedure when performed by experienced and skilled surgeons. However, like any surgery, it carries certain risks and potential complications. Some of the possible risks and complications of an orchidectomy include:

  1. Infection: There is a risk of infection at the surgical site, which can lead to pain, swelling, and redness. Infections may require treatment with antibiotics.
  2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding during or after the surgery is a potential complication. While surgical techniques and careful cauterization are used to minimize bleeding, occasionally, additional intervention may be necessary to control bleeding.
  3. Hematoma: A hematoma is a collection of blood that forms under the skin at the surgical site. It may cause swelling and discomfort and might need drainage or medical attention.
  4. Wound Healing Issues: In some cases, wound healing may be delayed or impaired, leading to poor incision closure or wound dehiscence. Proper wound care is crucial to promote healing.
  5. Scarring: Orchidectomy involves making incisions in the scrotum, which can result in scarring. In most cases, the scarring is minimal and fades over time.
  6. Anesthesia Complications: Both general and regional anesthesia carry some risks, such as adverse reactions, breathing difficulties, or allergic reactions to anesthesia medications.
  7. Pain and Discomfort: Some degree of pain, swelling, and discomfort is normal after an orchidectomy. Pain management will be provided to alleviate discomfort during the recovery period.
  8. Testicular Prosthesis Complications (if used): In cases where a testicular prosthesis is implanted after testicle removal, there is a risk of complications related to the prosthesis, such as infection or migration.
  9. Hormonal Changes: Removal of one or both testicles can lead to hormonal changes, particularly a reduction in testosterone levels. For individuals undergoing orchidectomy for gender-affirming purposes, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be necessary to achieve the desired hormone balance.
  10. Psychological Impact: The emotional and psychological impact of undergoing an orchidectomy can vary from person to person. For those undergoing gender-affirming surgery, it may be a significant step in their transition, and emotional support may be necessary.

It’s essential for patients to have a thorough discussion with their healthcare providers before undergoing an orchidectomy. Understanding the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives will help patients make an informed decision that aligns with their individual health needs and goals. Healthcare providers will take all necessary precautions to minimize risks and complications and provide appropriate post-operative care to promote a smooth recovery.