The surgical procedure that involves transforming a penis into a vagina is known as vaginoplasty or gender-affirming surgery for male-to-female (MTF) individuals. Vaginoplasty is a complex and highly specialized procedure that aims to create a neovagina, which closely resembles the appearance, function, and sensation of a cisgender woman’s vagina.

The specific techniques and approaches used in vaginoplasty can vary, but the most common method is the penile inversion technique. This procedure involves the following steps:

1. Removal of the testicles (orchiectomy) and, in some cases, removal of the erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa) of the penis.
2. The remaining penile skin is used to create the lining of the neovagina. The skin is inverted and placed inside to form the vaginal canal.
3. The glans (head) of the penis is often reshaped to create a clitoris, providing sexual sensation.
4. Labiaplasty is performed to create labia minora and labia majora, using tissue from the scrotum or other donor sites.
5. The urethra is repositioned to allow for proper urinary function.

It’s important to note that vaginoplasty is a major surgical procedure with potential risks and complications. It requires careful consideration, thorough pre-operative assessments, and collaboration with a qualified and experienced gender-affirming surgeon. The decision to undergo this surgery should be made in consultation with healthcare professionals who specialize in transgender healthcare and can provide guidance based on an individual’s specific needs and circumstances.

It is also worth mentioning that vaginoplasty is just one aspect of a gender transition journey and is often preceded by social and psychological support, hormone therapy, and ongoing post-operative care. Support from a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including surgeons, therapists, and endocrinologists, is essential throughout the entire process.