Neovagina surgery, often known as vaginoplasty, is a type of gender confirmation surgery used to create a vagina. This procedure is often sought by individuals who are transitioning from male to female (MTF).

The most common method is penile inversion vaginoplasty. In this procedure, the skin from the penile shaft and scrotum is used to construct the vaginal canal and vulva. The prostate gland is left in place and acts like the “G-spot.” The head of the penis is usually reshaped to create a clitoris, which maintains its sensitivity.

There are also other methods like the sigmoid colon vaginoplasty, where a section of the sigmoid colon is used to create the vaginal canal. This might be used in cases where there isn’t enough skin to create a deep enough vagina, or for other medical reasons.

Vaginoplasty is a complex surgery and involves significant recovery time. After surgery, regular dilation of the vagina is necessary to prevent it from closing off, as the body recognizes it as a wound and tries to heal it. Over time, the frequency of dilation can be reduced, but it usually needs to be continued lifelong.

The result of the surgery varies from person to person, but many transgender women report satisfaction with the procedure. It’s important to note that while this surgery can create a neovagina, it doesn’t include other reproductive organs like a uterus or ovaries, so menstruation and natural conception and childbirth aren’t possible after surgery.

The cost of the surgery can vary greatly, depending on factors like the surgeon’s fee, hospital charges, and the specific procedures performed. As of my knowledge cut-off in 2021, the cost can range from $10,000 to $30,000 or more in the United States. Some insurance companies cover this procedure, so it’s worth checking what your insurance covers.

Lastly, before undergoing such a significant surgery, it is usually recommended (and often required) that the individual undertake a period of real-life experience living in their desired gender role, and receive counseling or mental health support from a provider experienced in transgender health issues. These steps can help ensure the person is fully prepared for the changes that come with surgery.