There is some evidence that orchidectomy, the surgical removal of one or both testicles, can increase the risk of developing cognitive changes. This is because testosterone, a hormone produced by the testicles, is important for cognitive function.

A study published in the journal Nature Medicine in 2019 found that men who had undergone orchidectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer were more likely to develop cognitive decline over time than men who had not had their testicles removed. The study also found that the risk of cognitive decline was higher in men who had their testicles removed at a younger age.

Another study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine in 2018, found that men who had undergone orchidectomy for the treatment of testicular cancer were more likely to develop dementia later in life than men who had not had their testicles removed.

However, it is important to note that these studies are observational, which means that they cannot prove that orchidectomy directly causes cognitive decline. It is possible that other factors, such as the underlying cancer or the treatment for the cancer, could also be contributing to the risk of cognitive decline.

If you are considering orchidectomy, it is important to talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits. Your doctor can help you decide if orchidectomy is the right choice for you.

Here are some additional things to consider:

• Your age: The risk of cognitive decline after orchidectomy may be higher in men who have their testicles removed at a younger age.
• Your overall health: If you have other health conditions, such as heart disease or diabetes, you may be at an increased risk of cognitive decline.
• Your family history: If you have a family history of dementia, you may be at an increased risk of developing cognitive decline.

If you are concerned about the risk of cognitive decline after orchidectomy, you can talk to your doctor about ways to reduce your risk. These may include:

• Keeping your mind active: Engaging in activities that challenge your mind, such as reading, learning a new language, or playing puzzles, can help to keep your cognitive function sharp.
• Getting regular exercise: Exercise is good for your overall health, including your brain health.
• Eating a healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help to protect your brain health.
• Getting enough sleep: Getting enough sleep is important for overall health and well-being, including brain health.

The direct impact of an orchidectomy (testicle removal) on cognitive changes is not well-established in scientific literature. The primary function of the testicles is to produce hormones, including testosterone, which plays various roles in the body, including brain function and cognition.

After an orchidectomy, testosterone production decreases significantly, and this hormonal change might theoretically have some influence on cognitive functions. Testosterone has been associated with certain cognitive processes, including memory, spatial abilities, and verbal fluency. Some studies have suggested that testosterone might have a protective effect on brain health and cognitive decline in older adults.

However, the relationship between testosterone levels, cognitive changes, and an orchidectomy is complex and not fully understood. There is currently limited research specifically examining the direct impact of an orchidectomy on cognitive function.

It’s important to note that cognition is influenced by various factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, overall health, and medical history. Other factors, such as stress, mood changes, or emotional adjustments related to surgery, can also play a role in short-term cognitive changes.

If you have concerns about cognitive changes after an orchidectomy, it’s essential to discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can assess your individual situation, provide guidance on potential effects of hormonal changes, and address any specific cognitive concerns you may have.

Additionally, if you are undergoing an orchidectomy as part of gender-affirming care and are receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT), it is important to work closely with your healthcare provider to find the most suitable hormone regimen for your specific needs and goals.

Overall, individual experiences with an orchidectomy may vary, and the impact on cognitive function is likely to differ from person to person. If you notice any significant cognitive changes or concerns, seek support from your healthcare provider and consider incorporating brain-healthy habits, such as staying mentally active, maintaining a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress. These lifestyle factors can contribute positively to overall cognitive health.