Gender confirmation surgery (GCS), sometimes referred to as sex reassignment surgery (SRS) or gender affirming surgery, encompasses a range of surgical procedures that aim to align a person’s physical appearance and function with their identified gender.

Two of the most common types of GCS are male-to-female (MtF) and female-to-male (FtM) surgeries.

1. MtF Surgery: In one type of MtF surgery known as a vaginoplasty, the testicles are removed (orchidectomy) and the skin from the penis is inverted and used to create a vagina (penile inversion). The head of the penis is typically used to create a clitoris, and the urethra is shortened and repositioned.
2. FtM Surgery: In FtM top surgery, breast tissue is removed in a procedure called a mastectomy. The chest is then contoured to create a more typically male appearance. In a type of FtM bottom surgery known as a phalloplasty, a penis is constructed using tissue grafts from other parts of the body, such as the forearm or thigh. Another type of FtM bottom surgery is a metoidioplasty, which involves creating a penis from the clitoris, which has been enlarged through hormone therapy.

Please consult with a healthcare provider for more detailed and personalized information. There are also resources available online, including diagrams and animations, that can give you a visual idea of how these surgeries are performed. Remember that this information is accurate as of my last training data up until September 2021, and the procedures might have been updated or changed since then.